01
Cyber-Physical Integration
A cyber-physical system couples computational processes with physical processes. The computational layer senses and influences physical state while the physical environment influences future computation.
physical state ↔ sensing ↔ computation ↔ actuation ↔ physical state
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Examples
- Autonomous vehicles.
- Industrial robots.
- Smart manufacturing.
- Medical devices.
- Smart-grid systems.
- Aircraft control.
- Autonomous spacecraft.
- Intelligent buildings.