01
Opportunity Cost
Every project consumes scarce engineering, capital, and leadership capacity. The real cost of an initiative includes the valuable opportunities that cannot be pursued simultaneously.
02
Portfolio of Bets
- Core execution.
- Near-term experiments.
- Strategic investments.
- High-risk research.
- Infrastructure.
03
Sequencing
Large goals usually become tractable when decomposed into sequential milestones that unlock the next constraint.
vision → milestones → bottlenecks → experiments → capability → scale