01
Telescopes
Telescopes collect and concentrate radiation so that faint astronomical signals can be measured. Their designs vary substantially by wavelength.
02
Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy separates electromagnetic radiation by wavelength or frequency. Spectral lines can reveal chemical composition, temperature, velocity, magnetic fields, and physical conditions.
03
Interferometry
Interferometers combine signals from separated apertures to obtain angular information related to the effective baseline, enabling extremely high angular resolution under appropriate observing conditions.