Knowledge / Space Science & Astronomy

Planetary Science

The study of planets, moons, dwarf planets, atmospheres, interiors, surfaces, and planetary evolution.

By Siddhant Krishna · Published 2026-10-06 · Updated 2026-10-06

Comparative Planetology

Studying many planetary bodies together reveals which physical processes are universal and which depend strongly on mass, composition, distance from a star, internal heat, atmosphere, and geological history.

Planetary Interiors

Core composition and differentiation.
Mantle structure.
Crust formation.
Internal heat transport.
Convection.
Volcanism and tectonics.

Planetary Atmospheres

Atmospheres are shaped by gravity, temperature, composition, solar radiation, chemistry, atmospheric escape, geology, and interactions with magnetic fields.

References

NASA science resources covering astrophysics, Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, and exploration.
https://science.nasa.gov/
European Space Agency scientific missions and research across astronomy, planetary science, and space physics.
https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science
OpenStax, university-level astronomy covering stars, galaxies, cosmology, planetary systems, and observational astronomy.
https://openstax.org/details/books/astronomy-2e

The Solar SystemThe Sun, planets, dwarf planets, moons, small bodies, and the dynamical environment surrounding our star.AstrobiologyThe interdisciplinary study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the Universe.

Comparative Planetology

Planetary Interiors

Planetary Atmospheres

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