01
Architecture
- Processor core.
- Flash or other non-volatile program memory.
- RAM.
- GPIO.
- Timers and counters.
- Analog-to-digital converters.
- Communication peripherals.
- Interrupt controller.
- Clock and power-management circuitry.
02
GPIO
General-purpose input/output pins allow firmware to read external digital signals and control external digital devices.
03
Interrupts
Interrupts allow hardware events to trigger software execution without requiring continuous polling.
event → interrupt request → handler → state update → return
04
Peripherals
- Timers generate precise timing events.
- PWM controls average power or encodes timing information.
- ADC converts analog measurements into digital values.
- DAC converts digital representations into analog signals.
- Communication peripherals connect external devices.