01
Electric and Magnetic Fields
Electric fields describe the force experienced by electric charges, while magnetic fields influence moving charges and magnetic moments.
F = q(E + v × B)
02
Maxwell's Equations
∇·E = ρ/ε₀
∇·B = 0
∇×E = -∂B/∂t
∇×B = μ₀J + μ₀ε₀∂E/∂t
Maxwell's equations unify electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic radiation into one field theory.
03
Electromagnetic Waves
c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀)
Electromagnetic disturbances propagate through space at the speed of light in vacuum. Radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays are different frequency ranges of electromagnetic radiation.